The global market for hydrogen is large, consuming roughly 70 million tonnes of hydrogen per year. Most of this production serves “over-the-fence” large-scale industrial applications, primarily for petroleum refineries, upgraders, and ammonia production. Prospects for hydrogen as a global energy carrier are substantial and there is renewed and growing interest in hydrogen as a clean energy vector. Hydrogen can provide a pathway for decarbonising numerous segments of the global economy, including transportation, chemicals, heat and power, as well as heavy industry, such as steel and cement production. As such, global hydrogen demand is forecasted to exceed 500 mega tonnes of hydrogen per year by 2050, with growth forecasted in mostly new applications.
Clean hydrogen pathways
Hydrogen is an energy currency that is manufactured and, as such, its own production needs to be clean in order to affect positive greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impact. Today, the two predominant pathways for clean hydrogen production are:
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